第一篇：英语写作教案

英语写作教案

Teaching Objectives: instruct students how to finish a writing task(写作任务为2013年安徽英语高考作文 on the way to school)Teaching important points: how to help students to finish a composition of good quality in a limited time Teaching methods: discussion and presenting Teaching Procedures: Step1.Pre-writing

1.审题。

作为老师，我们首先要做到的就是教学生审题，确定文章所属的题材，了解文章的主题，并按照先后的顺序将文章分段。高中英语写作题材以说明、记叙和议论为主。以2013年高考英语作文on the way to school 为例，文章要求以在我上学的路上为背景，从遵守交通规则和注意文明举止两方面说明如何讲求文明，从我做起。这种作文应为以记叙为主，并有少量议论，“讲求文明，从我做起”为主题，“遵守交通规则，注意文明举止”为要点。段落划分为三段：第一段点明主题并交代背景：在我上学的路上；第二段从“遵守交通规则，注意文明举止”两个要点阐明如何讲求文明；第三段总结全文。

2.学生们小组自由讨论：What bad behavior do you often run into on the way to school? 这种Brainstorming活动可以帮助激活学生们对话题的已知信息，为下一步的写作做好铺垫。3.议题。

在审题的基础上，我们应先列出与文章主题内容有关的词汇、短语和句式，并形成写作思路。如讲文明应为be civilized, 从我做起应为start from me，遵守交通规则 obey traffic rules，注意文明举止应为 behave yourself 或 well behaved。遵守交通规则的行为有不闯红灯 run red, 走人行横道 zebra crossing。cause harm to 造成危害；as for… 就…而言；keep… in mind 牢记在心；keep to the right 靠右；the pedestrian crossing 人行横道；regard/consider … as my duty… 把…看做职责；make a difference 有作用；有影响。讲文明的行为包括不随地吐痰spitting，不乱扔垃圾littering。Step 2.While-writing 第一步：学生们分小组认真读题、思考，并讨论对于这个话题他们可能会提出哪些问题（自由地，无序地，想到什么就提什么问题）。第二步：学生们把他们的问题从语篇结构上分类。如：

第一段：目前存在的问题（紧扣主题：遵守交通和举止文明方面）及其影响 ■ How is the present situation of people obeying traffic rules? ■ How do people behave in public? ■ What are the consequences of people breaking traffic rules? ■ What effects does people’s bad behavior have? ■ …

第二段：如何解决问题（紧扣主题：上学路上，自己遵守交通和举止文明的具体做法）

■ What should we do to help to make a change? ■ What means of transport should I choose when I go to school? ■ If I take a bus to school, what should I do? ■ If I take my dad’s or mum’s car to school, what should I do? ■ If I ride a bike to school, what should I do? ■ If I walk to school, what should I do? ■ What should I do when I see some litter on the way? ■ What should I do when I see an old lady or man who wants to cross the road? ■ …

第三段：总结（感受、期望或呼吁等）■ How do I feel about my behavior? ■ What do I anticipate? ■ …

第三步：学生们小组合作来回答这些问题。实际上这些问题的答案就基本组成了作文的核心内容。

第四步：学生们讨论需要哪些语篇结构表达。

首先，段落的主题句。

其次，语篇标志表达（Discourse Marker）。

1．过渡句。

2．“起、承、转、合”的连接表达，如： ⑴ 表并列关系的词语：

■ and, or, also，as well, too；

■ as well as…，not only…but also, both … and… ⑵ 表增补的词语：

■ in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover, again, also, what’s more, similarly…

⑶ 表转折对比的过渡词：

■ although, but, however, yet, instead, on the contrary … ⑷ 表原因的词语：

■ because, since, as, for, now that, because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, for this reason, considering that, seeing that； as a result of …

⑸ 表结果的词语：

■ so, so that, so…that, such…that，as a result；therefore； thus；consequently …

⑹ 表特定的顺序关系的词语：

■ First / Firstly, … Second / Secondly, … Third / Thirdly …

■ First of all / To begin with , then, next, finally/in the end/at last … ⑺ 表总结的词语：

■ in a word, to sum up, in conclusion, in short, in general, generally speaking, finally, to conclude …

……

最后，学生们讨论可能会用到哪些高级词汇、短语以及句型。第五步：学生们独立完成各自的作文。Step 3.Post-writing 1.教师需引导学生从以下四个方面对原稿进行再加工：①文章是否跑题。②开头和结尾是否点题，条理是否清晰，布局是否合理，内容是否连贯，格式是否正确。③要点是否写全，有无遗漏。④有无主谓、人称一致，有无时态、语态、冠词及名词单复数等方面的语法错误。

5、最后定稿

2.首先，同伴分享阅读，互助批改。然后，同伴推选写得较好的（也可以是随选择几篇）与全班同学分享。接下来，我对学生们写作的总体评价与反馈。

最后，同学们谈谈感受：今天的写作课我最大的收获是……

3.参考范文、佳例示范

提供佳作范文，让学生用心揣摩、赏析、学习。附：范文佳例

On the way to School These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone.As for me, it should start on my way to school.I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.If I ride a bike, I’ll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green.If I walk, I’ll never forget to use the pedestrian crossing.Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behavior will make a difference.赏析：本文要点齐全，层次清晰, 表达地道，并使用相应的高级句型和高级词汇，不失为一篇佳作。

第二篇：高考英语写作教案

高考英语写作讲义

-------张雄

Part 1

高考英语写作模板句型

（一）段首句

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____.Some people suggest

that ____.2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______.It“s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____

Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both

advantages and disadvantages.6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say

that ______.To them,_____.7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more

serious.8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young

and heated debates are right on their way.9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it

has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as

well.10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar

graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but

why?

（二）中间段落句

1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they

say____.2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I don”t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst

of all，___.3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our country“s development and

construction.First，______.What”s more, _____.Most important of all,______.4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______

5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures

to______.For one thing，______For another，______

6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In

addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is

______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to

______.8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has

its own disadvantages, such as ______.9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.（三）结尾句

1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think

that ____.2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.3.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……

But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____，while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, I’m confident that a bright

future is awaiting us because______.5.随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it“s urgent and necessary to

____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be

better and better.6.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.7.对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First

_____.Second ______.Last but not least,______.8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very

much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view

find______.9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the

conclusion that____.10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some

undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.Part 2

高考英语写作模板文体

对比观点题型

（1）

要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1．有一些人认为。。2．

另一些人认为。。3．

我的看法。。

The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They

hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more，③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由

二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）.The reason is that ⑨

--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain

my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）

给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）.For example, they think ②

-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④

-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的

理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对 文章所讨论主题的看法)．

阐述主题题型

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述． １．

阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义． ２．

分析并举例使其更充实．

The good old proverb----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that----------------(释

义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(举例说明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(举例说明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion,----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember

the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll

necessarily benefit a lot from it.解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 １．

问题现状

２．

怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second,---------------(举例进一步说明现状)

So we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.First,---------------(解决方法一).Then-------------(解决方法二).Furthermore,--------------(解决方法三).In my opinion, I believe that-------------(我的解决方法).Finally, I think that a bright future is coming soon because--------------(带来的好处).说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

１．

说明事物现状

２．

事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）３．

你对现状（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的优点之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(对前景的预测)．)

议论文的框架

(1)不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, ”every coin has two sides“, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.(3)答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: ” ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..图表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.实用性写作（申请信)

Your address

Month, Date, year Receiver’s address Dear..., I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours，X X X 现象说明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________ ____.In Conclusion____________________.《范文》

一种事物或现象（负面意义倾向）

关于A的话题,早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。

给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A…

A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。

认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了（这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡）。（举例）。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏了人类生存的法则和空间。

事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的代价。同时，A的产生来源于部分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们，跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。

而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。

One object or phenomenon(negative significance inclination.)A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations about A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on inpiduals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some inpiduals or organizations to act wrongly.The essence of these wrong actions is:

(1)to gain personal, short-term and partial inpidual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.Situating under the shadow of A, inpiduals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.Part 3

高考英语名言

1.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

2.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。

3.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。

4.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。

5.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。

6.Slow and steady wins the race.稳扎稳打无往而不胜。

7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。

8.Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。

9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。

11.More hasty,less speed.欲速则不达。

12.Its never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。

13.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。

14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。

15.Look before you leap.三思而后行。

16.Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。

17.Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。

18.well begun,half done.好的开始等于成功的一半。

19.It is hard to please all.众口难调。

20.Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见，心不念。

21.Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩。

22.Call back white and white back.颠倒黑白。

23.First things first.凡事有轻重缓急。

24.Ill news travels fast.坏事传千里。

25.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

26.live not to eat,but eat to live.活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。

27.Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过语言。

28.East or west,home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。

29.Its not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。

30.Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能当饭吃。

31.Like and like make good friends.趣味相投。

32.The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。

33.Do as Romans do in Rome.入乡随俗。

34.An idle youth,a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

35.As the tree,so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

36.To live is to learn,to learnistobetterlive.活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。

Part 4 高考写作常用连接词

1、表示时间的

af first 起初

next 接下来

then 然后

after that 那以后

later 后来

soon 不久

soon/shortly after ……之后不久

finally 最后

in the end 最后

eventually 最终

at last 终于

lately近来 recently 最近

since then 自从那时起

after that 那以后

in no time 不一会儿

after a while 一会儿

afterward 后来

to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点

immediately 立即、马上

meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时

earlier, until now 直到现在suddenly=all of a sudden 突然

as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候

at the age of… 在……岁的时候

as early as 早……的时候

as soon as 一……就…… before, the other day 几天前

early in the morning 大清早

after/before dark 天黑后/前

one day 有一天

one afternoon 一天下午

one morning 一天早晨

2、表示空间的to the right/left 朝右/左

on the rinht/left 在右/左边

in the middle of 在中间

in front of 在前面

in the front of 在前面

at the back of 在后面

at the bottom of 在底部

on the edge of 在……的边上

on top of 在……的顶部

opposite to 与……相对

close to 靠近

near to 在……附近

next to 与……相邻

under 垂直在下

over 垂直在上

below 在下方

above 在上方

across 在……的另一边

around 在周围

behind 在后

before 在前 against 靠着、抵着

further on 再往前

3、表示列举和时序

first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last

4、表示列举

for example 例如：…… namely 即…… for instance 例如：…… that is(to say)也就是说

such as 如……

take…for example 拿……来说

like 像……

5、表示比较或对比

like 像

unlike 不像

similarly 同样地 in the same way 以相同的方式

compared to 与……相比

while 而

still=nevertheless 然而

on the contrary 正相反

different from 与……不同

on(the)one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面

in contrast with 与……成对比

6、表示增补

and 而且

both…and 不但……而且

not only…but also 不但……而且

as well as 不但……而且

also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且

in addition 并且

apart from 除了……之外

what's more 而且、更重要的for another 另一方面

worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是

including 包括

7、表示因果

because 因为

since 既然

as 由于

now that 既然

therefore 因此

thus 这样

so 所以

as a result(of)结果

because of=on account of 因为

thanks to 多亏、由于

for this reason 由于这个原因

if so 如果这样

if not 如果不是这样

8、表示目的for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that…

9、表示让步

though/although no matter+疑问句

in spite of

whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though

10、表示递进或强调

besides 况且

what's more 更重要地是

thus 这样

above all 首先

indeed 的确

in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上

in other words 换句话说

in that case 那样的话

or rather 更确切地说

particularly 特别地

11、表示转折

but 但是

still 然而

however 然而

while 而

12、表示总结

in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之 generally speaking 一般说来

in short=in a few words 简言之

in conclusion=lastly 最后地

on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上

so 所以

therefore 因此

thus 这样

as has been mentioned 正如所提到的it is quite clear that 很显然

there is no doubt that 毫无疑问

it is well-known that 大家都知道

as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道

as/so far as I know 据我所知

to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之

13、表示转折话题

by the way 顺便说

I am afraid 我恐怕

in my opinion 依我看来

to tell the truth 说实话

to be honest 诚实地说 in face 事实上

第三篇：英语写作教案 2

XXXXXX学院教案

2013—2014学第一学期

授课课程：英语写作 授课教师：XXXX 授课班级：交流生项目英语强化班 授课章节名称 Chapter 1 Using proper words 教学目的与要求 Grasp correct usage of words 教学重点 Diction

教学难点 The ways of distinguishing the levels of words 思考题与作业 Task 1-2 教学内容、设计与时间安排：

I.Teaching method: Discussion and interaction II.Teaching procedures

Step 1.Revision and lead-in 1.Tell the function of the words 2.Discuss the synonyms and antonyms Step 2.Presentation: Ⅰ.Types of words

The words that are often used may be pided, from a stylistic point of view, into three types: formal, common, and colloquial Formal words may also be called learned words, or literary words, or bigwords.They mainly appear in formal writing, such as scholarly or theoretical works, political and legal documents, and formal lectures and addresses.Many such words contain three or more than three syllables;most of them are of Greek or Latin origin.They are seldom used in daily conversation, except for special purposes.Ⅱ.Choice of words

The meaning of a word has two aspects: denotative and connotative.A word’s denotation is what it literally means, as defined by the dictionary;its connotation is the feeling or idea suggested by it.For instance, country, nation, state and land have more or less the same denotation and may all be translated into guojia in Chinese, but their connotations are quite different.Country refers to an area of land and its population and government, nation emphasizes the people of a country, state refers to the government or political organization of a country, and land is less precise but more literary and emotive than country.As compared here, these four words may be said to be synonyms.English is particularly rich in synonyms as a result of incorporating words from other languages over the centuries.But we should remember that it is difficult to find two words that are exactly the same in meaning and use.They may be different in stylistic level, in the degree of emphasis, in emotional coloring, in tone, and in collocation.Small and little are often interchangeable, but there is some difference in emotional coloring between them.Small is objective, while little may imply a feeling of fondness.Modest and humble both indicate a lack of pride, but modesty is a virtue and humbleness is not.Humble often connotes undue self-depreciation.So they are different in tone: one is laudatory and the other is derogatory.Some synonyms have different collocations: they are habitually used with certain words.Large, not big, for instance, is used to modify nouns like amount, number and quantity(a large amount of money, a large number of people, a large quantity of beer, etc.).Similarly, with nouns denoting personal qualities, such as courage, confidence, ability, and wisdom, not big or large, but great, is commonly used.Ⅲ.General and specific words and synonyms

Comparatively speaking, some words are more general or more specific in meanin g than others.Professionals, for instance, is more general than scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists, etc.all of which are more specific.But scientists may be called a general word when compared with physicists or chemists, which, in turn, is more general than biochemists.It is easy to see that the specific words on the right are much more concrete and colorful than the general ones on the left;they seem to make the reader see, hear, or feel what the writer wishes to describe.Using specific words should go along with providing details, and then there will be effective and impressive writing.Study the following examples.Ⅳ.Idioms and some phrases

An idiom is a fixed group of words with a special meaning which is different from the meanings of the words that form it.To read a book‖, for instance, is not an idiom, for the meaning of the phrase is the meanings of the three words put together, and ―a book‖ can be replaced by other words like ―a newspaper‖ or ―a novel‖.To ―read between the lines‖ is different.The four words that form the phrase give no hint as to what it means and none of the words can be changed to form another understandable phrase.Idioms are frequently used in speech and writing.They help to make one’s language sound natural and idiomatic.But in using them foreign learners of English should remember the following two points:(1)most idioms are informal or colloquial in style and can be used in conversation;but a few are slang and should be used with care, such as all balled up, meaning troubled or confused, and to cough up, meaning to produce something;(2)many idioms have become clichés and are no longer fresh or interesting, such as armed to the teeth and as good as gold, and should be used sparingly.Step 3.Practice: List some idioms, such as: Practice makes perfect.When in Rome, do as the Romans do.All roads lead to Rome.Step 4.Summary:

1.Make a brief summary of the word usage 2.Summarize the synonyms Step 5.Assignment: Chapter 1 Finish doing the task 1,2 ,3 on p2-14 Chapter 2 Making correct and effective sentences 教学目的与要求 Grasp the coordinative and subordinate sentences 教学重点 The ways of making complex sentences in writing 教学难点 The ways of making complex sentences in writing 思考题与作业 Task 1-13 教学内容、设计与时间安排：

I.Teaching method: Discussion and interaction II.Teaching procedures

Step 1.Revision and lead-in

1.Review the ways of complex sentence making

2.Discuss the functions of coordination and subordination Step 2.Presentation:

I.coordination and subordination

1.Some sentences follow climactic order, the last word being the most important, and because many words are piled up before the key word, the sense of climax is made very strong.Most of the sentences are compound and compound-complex, and all of them, except the second half of the last sentence, are loose in structure.There is no suspense or climax;the tone is easy, relaxed and informal.The writer uses these loose sentences because he is enumerating facts or ideas of equal importance, and also because he aims at a natural and orderly presentation.Loose sentences are easier, simpler, more natural and direct;periodic sentences are more complex, emphatic, formal, or literary.When a sentence contains two or more chapters of the same form and grammatical function, it is one with parallel constructions: Such parallel sentences are emphatic and forceful.When a sentence contains two parallel clauses similar in structure but contrasted in meaning, it is a balanced sentence.Balanced sentences are impressive because of the contrast, and pleasing to hear because of the rhythm.They are mainly used in formal writing, like expository and argumentative prose, and speeches.2.Figures of speech

There are various ways of using words figuratively.They are called figures of speech.Among the most common of them are: 1.Simile it is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like: 2.Metaphor it is the use of a word which originally denotes one thing to refer to another with a similar quality.It is also a comparison, but the comparison is implied, not expressed with the word as or like.If Robert burns had written ―0 my loves a red, re rose‖ with the word like omitted, he would have used a metaphor instead of a simile.In the changed line, my love‖ is also compared to a red rose, but there is no word to indicate th